![]() ![]() A civilian order of the Cross was created for and conferred upon (1915) the English Germanophile Houston Stewart Chamberlain. It was awarded only once more, to Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg in 1918. Blücher after the Battle of Waterloo (1815). A special class, the Grand Cross on a radiant star, was created especially for Field Marshal G.L. Originally, the Cross had three classes, listed in ascending order: second class, first class, and Grand Cross, the latter being awarded only 19 times through the end of World War I (1918). 1, 1939, the same day that German forces invaded Poland. Use of the decoration was revived by William I for the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, recreated in 1914 for World War I, and last revived by Adolf Hitler on Sept. Iron Cross,, German Eiserne Kreuz, Prussian military decoration instituted in 1813 by Frederick William III for distinguished service in the Prussian War of Liberation. ![]()
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